Cluster D: Scientific and Sustainability

Environmental threats are often regarded as the responsibility of each individual state, despite the fact that the consequences are diffuse across borders. Treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons have demonstrated that multilateral cooperation is achievable, but implementation continues to be shaped by disputes over responsibility and resource allocation. Scientific and technological development itself has become a domain of strategic competition, from space governance to emerging technologies, which has complicated cooperation on matters that require decisive standards. Committees within this cluster should consider how such cooperation can be achieved, and made enforceable, when the underlying incentives remain largely national. Delegates should particularly consider the costs and responsibilities between states at different stages of development.